Kartogram

Jednoduchý pseudokartogram je možné vytvořit pomocí filtrace dat a přiřazením stylu takto filtrovaným datům. V principu se vytvoří několik pravidel, pro každý filtr jedno.

Jednoduchý pseudokartogram

Příkladem jednoduchého pseudokartogramu je styl population. Na ukázku tohto stylu se můžete podívat, tak že si v náhledu vrstev vyberete vrstu USA population (topp:states). Výsledek pak vypadá jako na následující ukázce.

../_images/population.png

Obr. 30 Styl population

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
  <StyledLayerDescriptor version="1.0.0"
xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/sld" xmlns:ogc="http://www.opengis.net/ogc"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.opengis.net/sld
http://schemas.opengis.net/sld/1.0.0/StyledLayerDescriptor.xsd">
<NamedLayer>
  <Name>USA states population</Name>
  <UserStyle>
    <Name>population</Name>
    <Title>Population in the United States</Title>
    <Abstract>A sample filter that filters the United States into three
      categories of population, drawn in different colors</Abstract>
    <FeatureTypeStyle>
      <Rule>
        <Title>&lt; 2M</Title>
        <ogc:Filter>
          <ogc:PropertyIsLessThan>
           <ogc:PropertyName>PERSONS</ogc:PropertyName>
           <ogc:Literal>2000000</ogc:Literal>
          </ogc:PropertyIsLessThan>
        </ogc:Filter>
        <PolygonSymbolizer>
           <Fill>
              <!-- CssParameters allowed are fill (the color) and fill-opacity -->
              <CssParameter name="fill">#4DFF4D</CssParameter>
              <CssParameter name="fill-opacity">0.7</CssParameter>
           </Fill>
        </PolygonSymbolizer>
      </Rule>
      <Rule>
        <Title>2M - 4M</Title>
        <ogc:Filter>
          <ogc:PropertyIsBetween>
            <ogc:PropertyName>PERSONS</ogc:PropertyName>
            <ogc:LowerBoundary>
              <ogc:Literal>2000000</ogc:Literal>
            </ogc:LowerBoundary>
            <ogc:UpperBoundary>
              <ogc:Literal>4000000</ogc:Literal>
            </ogc:UpperBoundary>
          </ogc:PropertyIsBetween>
        </ogc:Filter>
        <PolygonSymbolizer>
           <Fill>
              <!-- CssParameters allowed are fill (the color) and fill-opacity -->
              <CssParameter name="fill">#FF4D4D</CssParameter>
              <CssParameter name="fill-opacity">0.7</CssParameter>
           </Fill>
        </PolygonSymbolizer>
      </Rule>
      <Rule>
        <Title>&gt; 4M</Title>
        <!-- like a linesymbolizer but with a fill too -->
        <ogc:Filter>
          <ogc:PropertyIsGreaterThan>
           <ogc:PropertyName>PERSONS</ogc:PropertyName>
           <ogc:Literal>4000000</ogc:Literal>
          </ogc:PropertyIsGreaterThan>
        </ogc:Filter>
        <PolygonSymbolizer>
           <Fill>
              <!-- CssParameters allowed are fill (the color) and fill-opacity -->
              <CssParameter name="fill">#4D4DFF</CssParameter>
              <CssParameter name="fill-opacity">0.7</CssParameter>
           </Fill>
        </PolygonSymbolizer>
      </Rule>
      <Rule>
        <Title>Boundary</Title>
        <LineSymbolizer>
          <Stroke>
            <CssParameter name="stroke-width">0.2</CssParameter>
          </Stroke>
        </LineSymbolizer>
        <TextSymbolizer>
          <Label>
            <ogc:PropertyName>STATE_ABBR</ogc:PropertyName>
          </Label>
          <Font>
            <CssParameter name="font-family">Times New Roman</CssParameter>
            <CssParameter name="font-style">Normal</CssParameter>
            <CssParameter name="font-size">14</CssParameter>
          </Font>
          <LabelPlacement>
            <PointPlacement>
              <AnchorPoint>
                <AnchorPointX>0.5</AnchorPointX>
                <AnchorPointY>0.5</AnchorPointY>
              </AnchorPoint>
            </PointPlacement>
          </LabelPlacement>
        </TextSymbolizer>
      </Rule>
   </FeatureTypeStyle>
  </UserStyle>
  </NamedLayer>
  </StyledLayerDescriptor>

Filtrace se realizuje pomocí nástroje ogc:Filter. Tento nástroj je poměrně bohatý. V našem případě se filtrují data na základě atributu PERSONS (počet obyvatel) pomocí značky ogc:PropertyName. Porovnání se realizuje definicí operátoru např. pro první pravidlo je použit operátor ogc:PropertyIsLessThan (menší než) a zadání hodnoty pro porovnání ogc:Literal.

Úkoly

Editujte styl v rámci WWW editoru. Změňte následující parametry. Styl uložte a zkuste přes Layer Preview obnovit mapu.

Nezaměstnaní

Upravte styl population tak aby rozdělil státy USA do pěti kategorií podle počtu nezaměstnaných (UNEMPLOY).

Procento nezaměstnaných na počet obyvatel

Upravte styl population tak aby rozdělil státy USA do pěti kategorií podle procenta nezaměstnaných (UNEMPLOY) na celkový počet obyvatel (PERSONS).

Řešení úkolů

Nezaměstnaní

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<StyledLayerDescriptor version="1.0.0"
xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/sld" xmlns:ogc="http://www.opengis.net/ogc"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.opengis.net/sld
http://schemas.opengis.net/sld/1.0.0/StyledLayerDescriptor.xsd">
<NamedLayer>
  <Name>USA states unemployed</Name>
  <UserStyle>
    <Name>unemployed</Name>
    <Title>Unemployed in the United States</Title>
    <Abstract>A sample filter that filters the United States into five
      categories of unemployed, drawn in different colors</Abstract>
    <FeatureTypeStyle>
      <Rule>
        <Title>13100 - 72079</Title>
        <ogc:Filter>
              <ogc:And>
            <ogc:PropertyIsGreaterThan>
              <ogc:PropertyName>UNEMPLOY</ogc:PropertyName>
              <ogc:Literal>13100</ogc:Literal>
            </ogc:PropertyIsGreaterThan>
            <ogc:PropertyIsLessThanOrEqualTo>
              <ogc:PropertyName>UNEMPLOY</ogc:PropertyName>
              <ogc:Literal>72079</ogc:Literal>
            </ogc:PropertyIsLessThanOrEqualTo>
          </ogc:And>
        </ogc:Filter>
        <PolygonSymbolizer>
           <Fill>
              <!-- CssParameters allowed are fill (the color) and fill-opacity -->
              <CssParameter name="fill">#f7fbff</CssParameter>
              <CssParameter name="fill-opacity">0.7</CssParameter>
           </Fill>
        </PolygonSymbolizer>
      </Rule>
      <Rule>
        <Title>72079 - 218598</Title>
        <ogc:Filter>
          <ogc:And>
            <ogc:PropertyIsGreaterThan>
              <ogc:PropertyName>UNEMPLOY</ogc:PropertyName>
              <ogc:Literal>72079</ogc:Literal>
            </ogc:PropertyIsGreaterThan>
            <ogc:PropertyIsLessThanOrEqualTo>
              <ogc:PropertyName>UNEMPLOY</ogc:PropertyName>
              <ogc:Literal>218598</ogc:Literal>
            </ogc:PropertyIsLessThanOrEqualTo>
          </ogc:And>
        </ogc:Filter>
        <PolygonSymbolizer>
           <Fill>
              <!-- CssParameters allowed are fill (the color) and fill-opacity -->
              <CssParameter name="fill">#c7dcef</CssParameter>
              <CssParameter name="fill-opacity">0.7</CssParameter>
           </Fill>
        </PolygonSymbolizer>
      </Rule>

       <Rule>
        <Title>218598 - 385040</Title>
        <ogc:Filter>
          <ogc:And>
            <ogc:PropertyIsGreaterThan>
              <ogc:PropertyName>UNEMPLOY</ogc:PropertyName>
              <ogc:Literal>218598</ogc:Literal>
            </ogc:PropertyIsGreaterThan>
            <ogc:PropertyIsLessThanOrEqualTo>
              <ogc:PropertyName>UNEMPLOY</ogc:PropertyName>
              <ogc:Literal>385040</ogc:Literal>
            </ogc:PropertyIsLessThanOrEqualTo>
          </ogc:And>
        </ogc:Filter>
        <PolygonSymbolizer>
           <Fill>
              <!-- CssParameters allowed are fill (the color) and fill-opacity -->
              <CssParameter name="fill">#72b2d7</CssParameter>
              <CssParameter name="fill-opacity">0.7</CssParameter>
           </Fill>
        </PolygonSymbolizer>
      </Rule>

      <Rule>
        <Title>385040 - 636280</Title>
        <ogc:Filter>
          <ogc:And>
            <ogc:PropertyIsGreaterThan>
              <ogc:PropertyName>UNEMPLOY</ogc:PropertyName>
              <ogc:Literal>385040</ogc:Literal>
            </ogc:PropertyIsGreaterThan>
            <ogc:PropertyIsLessThanOrEqualTo>
              <ogc:PropertyName>UNEMPLOY</ogc:PropertyName>
              <ogc:Literal>636280</ogc:Literal>
            </ogc:PropertyIsLessThanOrEqualTo>
          </ogc:And>
        </ogc:Filter>
        <PolygonSymbolizer>
           <Fill>
              <!-- CssParameters allowed are fill (the color) and fill-opacity -->
              <CssParameter name="fill">#2878b8</CssParameter>
              <CssParameter name="fill-opacity">0.7</CssParameter>
           </Fill>
        </PolygonSymbolizer>
      </Rule>

      <Rule>
        <Title>636280 - 996502</Title>
        <ogc:Filter>
          <ogc:And>
            <ogc:PropertyIsGreaterThan>
              <ogc:PropertyName>UNEMPLOY</ogc:PropertyName>
              <ogc:Literal>636280</ogc:Literal>
            </ogc:PropertyIsGreaterThan>
            <ogc:PropertyIsLessThanOrEqualTo>
              <ogc:PropertyName>UNEMPLOY</ogc:PropertyName>
              <ogc:Literal>996502</ogc:Literal>
            </ogc:PropertyIsLessThanOrEqualTo>
          </ogc:And>
        </ogc:Filter>
        <PolygonSymbolizer>
           <Fill>
              <!-- CssParameters allowed are fill (the color) and fill-opacity -->
              <CssParameter name="fill">#08306b</CssParameter>
              <CssParameter name="fill-opacity">0.7</CssParameter>
           </Fill>
        </PolygonSymbolizer>
      </Rule>

      <Rule>
        <Title>Boundary</Title>
        <LineSymbolizer>
          <Stroke>
            <CssParameter name="stroke-width">0.2</CssParameter>
          </Stroke>
        </LineSymbolizer>
        <TextSymbolizer>
          <Label>
            <ogc:PropertyName>STATE_ABBR</ogc:PropertyName>
          </Label>
          <Font>
            <CssParameter name="font-family">Times New Roman</CssParameter>
            <CssParameter name="font-style">Normal</CssParameter>
            <CssParameter name="font-size">14</CssParameter>
          </Font>
          <LabelPlacement>
            <PointPlacement>
              <AnchorPoint>
                <AnchorPointX>0.5</AnchorPointX>
                <AnchorPointY>0.5</AnchorPointY>
              </AnchorPoint>
            </PointPlacement>
          </LabelPlacement>
        </TextSymbolizer>
      </Rule>
   </FeatureTypeStyle>
  </UserStyle>
  </NamedLayer>
 </StyledLayerDescriptor>
../_images/unemployed.png

Obr. 31 Styl unemployed

Procento nezaměstnaných na počet obyvatel

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<StyledLayerDescriptor version="1.0.0"
xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/sld" xmlns:ogc="http://www.opengis.net/ogc"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.opengis.net/sld
http://schemas.opengis.net/sld/1.0.0/StyledLayerDescriptor.xsd">
<NamedLayer>
  <Name>USA states unemployed</Name>
  <UserStyle>
    <Name>unemployed</Name>
    <Title>Unemployed in the United States</Title>
    <Abstract>A sample filter that filters the United States into five
      categories of unemployed, drawn in different colors</Abstract>
    <FeatureTypeStyle>
      <Rule>
        <Title>1.8 - 2</Title>
        <ogc:Filter>
              <ogc:And>
            <ogc:PropertyIsGreaterThan>
              <ogc:Mul>
                <ogc:Div>
                  <ogc:PropertyName>UNEMPLOY</ogc:PropertyName>
                  <ogc:PropertyName>PERSONS</ogc:PropertyName>
                </ogc:Div>
                <ogc:Literal>100</ogc:Literal>
              </ogc:Mul>
              <ogc:Literal>1.8</ogc:Literal>
            </ogc:PropertyIsGreaterThan>
            <ogc:PropertyIsLessThanOrEqualTo>
              <ogc:Mul>
                <ogc:Div>
                  <ogc:PropertyName>UNEMPLOY</ogc:PropertyName>
                  <ogc:PropertyName>PERSONS</ogc:PropertyName>
                </ogc:Div>
                <ogc:Literal>100</ogc:Literal>
              </ogc:Mul>
              <ogc:Literal>2</ogc:Literal>
            </ogc:PropertyIsLessThanOrEqualTo>
          </ogc:And>
        </ogc:Filter>
        <PolygonSymbolizer>
           <Fill>
              <!-- CssParameters allowed are fill (the color) and fill-opacity -->
              <CssParameter name="fill">#f7fbff</CssParameter>
              <CssParameter name="fill-opacity">0.7</CssParameter>
           </Fill>
        </PolygonSymbolizer>
      </Rule>
      <Rule>
        <Title>2 - 2.5</Title>
        <ogc:Filter>
          <ogc:And>
            <ogc:PropertyIsGreaterThan>
              <ogc:Mul>
                <ogc:Div>
                  <ogc:PropertyName>UNEMPLOY</ogc:PropertyName>
                  <ogc:PropertyName>PERSONS</ogc:PropertyName>
                </ogc:Div>
                <ogc:Literal>100</ogc:Literal>
              </ogc:Mul>
              <ogc:Literal>2</ogc:Literal>
            </ogc:PropertyIsGreaterThan>
            <ogc:PropertyIsLessThanOrEqualTo>
              <ogc:Mul>
                <ogc:Div>
                  <ogc:PropertyName>UNEMPLOY</ogc:PropertyName>
                  <ogc:PropertyName>PERSONS</ogc:PropertyName>
                </ogc:Div>
                <ogc:Literal>100</ogc:Literal>
              </ogc:Mul>
              <ogc:Literal>2.5</ogc:Literal>
            </ogc:PropertyIsLessThanOrEqualTo>
          </ogc:And>
        </ogc:Filter>
        <PolygonSymbolizer>
           <Fill>
              <!-- CssParameters allowed are fill (the color) and fill-opacity -->
              <CssParameter name="fill">#c7dcef</CssParameter>
              <CssParameter name="fill-opacity">0.7</CssParameter>
           </Fill>
        </PolygonSymbolizer>
      </Rule>

       <Rule>
        <Title>2.5 - 3</Title>
        <ogc:Filter>
          <ogc:And>
            <ogc:PropertyIsGreaterThan>
              <ogc:Mul>
                <ogc:Div>
                  <ogc:PropertyName>UNEMPLOY</ogc:PropertyName>
                  <ogc:PropertyName>PERSONS</ogc:PropertyName>
                </ogc:Div>
                <ogc:Literal>100</ogc:Literal>
              </ogc:Mul>
              <ogc:Literal>2.5</ogc:Literal>
            </ogc:PropertyIsGreaterThan>
            <ogc:PropertyIsLessThanOrEqualTo>
              <ogc:Mul>
                <ogc:Div>
                  <ogc:PropertyName>UNEMPLOY</ogc:PropertyName>
                  <ogc:PropertyName>PERSONS</ogc:PropertyName>
                </ogc:Div>
                <ogc:Literal>100</ogc:Literal>
              </ogc:Mul>
              <ogc:Literal>3</ogc:Literal>
            </ogc:PropertyIsLessThanOrEqualTo>
          </ogc:And>
        </ogc:Filter>
        <PolygonSymbolizer>
           <Fill>
              <!-- CssParameters allowed are fill (the color) and fill-opacity -->
              <CssParameter name="fill">#72b2d7</CssParameter>
              <CssParameter name="fill-opacity">0.7</CssParameter>
           </Fill>
        </PolygonSymbolizer>
      </Rule>

      <Rule>
        <Title>3 - 3.5</Title>
        <ogc:Filter>
          <ogc:And>
            <ogc:PropertyIsGreaterThan>
              <ogc:Mul>
                <ogc:Div>
                  <ogc:PropertyName>UNEMPLOY</ogc:PropertyName>
                  <ogc:PropertyName>PERSONS</ogc:PropertyName>
                </ogc:Div>
                <ogc:Literal>100</ogc:Literal>
              </ogc:Mul>
              <ogc:Literal>3</ogc:Literal>
            </ogc:PropertyIsGreaterThan>
            <ogc:PropertyIsLessThanOrEqualTo>
              <ogc:Mul>
                <ogc:Div>
                  <ogc:PropertyName>UNEMPLOY</ogc:PropertyName>
                  <ogc:PropertyName>PERSONS</ogc:PropertyName>
                </ogc:Div>
                <ogc:Literal>100</ogc:Literal>
              </ogc:Mul>
              <ogc:Literal>3.5</ogc:Literal>
            </ogc:PropertyIsLessThanOrEqualTo>
          </ogc:And>
        </ogc:Filter>
        <PolygonSymbolizer>
           <Fill>
              <!-- CssParameters allowed are fill (the color) and fill-opacity -->
              <CssParameter name="fill">#2878b8</CssParameter>
              <CssParameter name="fill-opacity">0.7</CssParameter>
           </Fill>
        </PolygonSymbolizer>
      </Rule>

      <Rule>
        <Title>3.5 - 4.2</Title>
        <ogc:Filter>
          <ogc:And>
            <ogc:PropertyIsGreaterThan>
              <ogc:Mul>
                <ogc:Div>
                  <ogc:PropertyName>UNEMPLOY</ogc:PropertyName>
                  <ogc:PropertyName>PERSONS</ogc:PropertyName>
                </ogc:Div>
                <ogc:Literal>100</ogc:Literal>
              </ogc:Mul>
              <ogc:Literal>3.5</ogc:Literal>
            </ogc:PropertyIsGreaterThan>
            <ogc:PropertyIsLessThanOrEqualTo>
              <ogc:Mul>
                <ogc:Div>
                  <ogc:PropertyName>UNEMPLOY</ogc:PropertyName>
                  <ogc:PropertyName>PERSONS</ogc:PropertyName>
                </ogc:Div>
                <ogc:Literal>100</ogc:Literal>
              </ogc:Mul>
              <ogc:Literal>4.2</ogc:Literal>
            </ogc:PropertyIsLessThanOrEqualTo>
          </ogc:And>
        </ogc:Filter>
        <PolygonSymbolizer>
           <Fill>
              <!-- CssParameters allowed are fill (the color) and fill-opacity -->
              <CssParameter name="fill">#08306b</CssParameter>
              <CssParameter name="fill-opacity">0.7</CssParameter>
           </Fill>
        </PolygonSymbolizer>
      </Rule>

      <Rule>
        <Title>Boundary</Title>
        <LineSymbolizer>
          <Stroke>
            <CssParameter name="stroke-width">0.2</CssParameter>
          </Stroke>
        </LineSymbolizer>
        <TextSymbolizer>
          <Label>
            <ogc:PropertyName>STATE_ABBR</ogc:PropertyName>
          </Label>
          <Font>
            <CssParameter name="font-family">Times New Roman</CssParameter>
            <CssParameter name="font-style">Normal</CssParameter>
            <CssParameter name="font-size">14</CssParameter>
          </Font>
          <LabelPlacement>
            <PointPlacement>
              <AnchorPoint>
                <AnchorPointX>0.5</AnchorPointX>
                <AnchorPointY>0.5</AnchorPointY>
              </AnchorPoint>
            </PointPlacement>
          </LabelPlacement>
        </TextSymbolizer>
      </Rule>
   </FeatureTypeStyle>
  </UserStyle>
  </NamedLayer>
</StyledLayerDescriptor>
../_images/unemployed2.png

Obr. 32 Styl unemployed2